2. Content and methods
Data were collected using the WBQ tool from in the area of Athens, Greece from 473 individuals aged 16–86 (42 ± 18 years) (221 males) in summer and from 511 individuals aged 16–86 (38 ± 20 years) (245 males) in winter, stratified by age and sex according to the Hellenic Statistical Authority . All volunteers were informed on the objectives of the study and the procedures involved and signed an informed consent. The retrieved data were confidential, and the study followed the ethical considerations provided by The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The WBQ incorporates a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire validated to record energy intake against three-day diaries (p < 0.001)>
Specifically, the newest WBQ brings: (A) research with the character of the fellow member; (B) recording from use towards period of the previous times regarding solid and fluid dining, liquids otherwise drinks away from a semi-decimal food frequency survey (FFQ) out-of 58 ingredients validated getting quoting opportunity intake plus the more sugar and you will honey that is added to products; and (C) quote away from physical working out employing the brand new Globally Physical exercise Questionnaire (IPAQ) , and that suggestions time of physical working out in the about three craft membership (intense, average, mild do so) or sedentary standards. New IPAQ has been confirmed previously once the a corner-federal means to own tape physical exercise [20,21,22] and imagine time cost.
The energy and you may liquid content of recorded dishes and you may drinks is analyzed utilizing the Eating plan Data Plus (Wadsworth Publishing Co Inc., Belmont, California, USA), and that uses composition studies regarding USDA Federal Mineral Database and you can selected Greek foods (we.age., mousakas, pastitsio, Greek yoghurt, lentiles beans soups, several Greek pies, souvlaki, stuffed tomatoes) . Based on total times intake and energy expenditure, time equilibrium is actually evaluated too.
Within this studies, “drinks” refers to good fresh fruit juices otherwise packaged juices 100% in place of sugar content, sugar-sugary drinks (SSDs) (fruit nectar with glucose, soft drinks with sugar and energy/isotonic drinks), low-calorie sodas, beverage and you will herbal infusions, dairy (all kinds of milk, delicious chocolate dairy and you can cocoa take in), milkshake and you will sherbets, coffee and coffees beverages, and you can alcoholic drinks (beer, wines and all version of alcoholic drinks). “Drink energy consumption (DEI)” relates to energy consumption away from beverages “total energy consumption (TEI)” to times intake off all the offer and you may “time intake out of food” so you’re able to time intake regarding solid and water foods (age.g., soups). The brand new sum from products organizations in order to full time intake (data out of Malisova ainsi que al. 2013), presented given that full intake of water (TWI), we.age., drinking water away from products, liquid, strong and you can water dishes so when take in drinking habits (DWI), we.age., liquids out of beverages and you can drinking water.
step 3. Analytical Analysis
Email address details are displayed once the indicate ± sd on the generally speaking delivered variables and you can median (P25–P75) toward skewed of them. Normality was looked at by using the chances–possibilities area (P–P area) and histograms. Differences between folk concerning your overall times intake, time regarding drinks, energy from dishes, times cost, opportunity harmony, water intake, liquids of h2o and products, drinking water of products, h2o https://brightwomen.net/fi/jordanialainen-nainen/ regarding water, liquid of edibles, liquid losses and drinking water harmony were reviewed towards the independent decide to try t-try to your normally delivered variables plus the Mann-Whittney You-test for the skewed of them. Also, differences between new four quartiles of your time away from drinks was examined to your you to-way ANOVA F-sample toward typically distributed details in addition to Kruskal-Wallis H Test towards the skewed of these. Benefit peak try set at 5%. Correlations within sum of drinks so you can drinking habits for the family members so you can opportunity inside cold temperatures and you will summer was indeed checked from the Pearson’s otherwise Spearman’s relationship coefficients getting normally delivered or skewed parameters. The analytical analyses performed playing with PASW Statistics 18 (SPSS Inc, il, IL, USA).